REGISTRO DOI: 10.69849/revistaft/cl10202511061830
Edlaine Ferreira Costa
Abstract
Senescence, as defined by Pikunas (1979), marks the aging process and involves significant changes in physical, cognitive, and social domains of human development. Even in the presence of age-related health conditions, older adults can maintain quality of life through creative engagement and shared leisure activities, which enhance social integration and subjective well-being. This literature review explores how participation in social support and community programs promotes new perspectives on aging, highlighting that interpersonal relationships with peers positively influence the overall health of older adults.
Keywords: Elderly; Interpersonal Relationships; Life Satisfaction.
Introduction
Recent decades have witnessed a significant increase in human life expectancy due to medical and pharmacological advancements, contributing to the growth of the elderly population in Brazil. Research indicates that social interaction plays a pivotal role in helping older adults cope positively with the challenges of aging and develop new life perspectives.
Feist1 describes old age as the final stage of human development, which does not imply a loss of creativity or usefulness. While reproductive capacity may have ended, older adults remain productive and active, assuming roles such as attentive grandparents, volunteers, or participants in community projects.
Resende2 suggests that life satisfaction is attainable when individuals are willing to confront challenges, assert their rights, and implement personal projects, particularly when supported by social networks. Carneiro3 underscores that older adults who remain socially active often enjoy higher quality of life and longevity.
The ability to interact socially, cultivate empathy, and develop coping skills reduces emotional and psychosomatic difficulties, supporting biopsychosocial health.
Despite age-related physical, cognitive, and sensory changes, maintaining physical and mental fitness is essential for autonomy and daily functioning4,5.
Subjective well-being encompasses personal evaluations of life, considering happiness, life satisfaction, and the balance of positive and negative emotions. Positive affect serves as a protective factor against stress and physical health problems, whereas negative affect includes experiences such as sadness, guilt, and anxiety6-8.
Interpersonal Relationships and Social Support
Interpersonal relationships constitute connections within family, school, workplace, and community contexts, forming social networks that provide meaning, belonging, and support. Unlike mere social interaction, social support encompasses structural, functional, and contextual dimensions that address individual needs9,10.
The role of grandparents exemplifies generational legacy, with active engagement in grandchildren’s lives despite family changes and increased longevity11,10. Insufficient social support may result in emotional distress, highlighting the importance of affective and community bonds12,13.
Discussion
The literature indicates that interpersonal relationships and social support significantly influence perceptions of aging and overall quality of life. Engagement with peers enhances personal satisfaction and holistic health, promoting a positive view of aging. Community centers and support groups are instrumental in facilitating shared experiences, strengthening social bonds, and promoting subjective well-being among older adults.
Conclusion
Interpersonal relationships and social support are central determinants of well-being and life satisfaction in senescence. Participation in community programs and maintaining peer connections fosters positive perceptions of aging and supports holistic health. Recognizing the value of these interactions is crucial for public policies and strategies aimed at promoting elderly well-being.
References (APA 7th edition)
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