Flavio Ambrosio Da Silva

Abstract

The internet plays a crucial role in the daily lives of children and adolescents, offering vast opportunities for learning and socialization while simultaneously posing significant risks to their digital safety and well-being. To navigate this complex environment safely, a proactive approach emphasizing education, communication, and appropriate technologies is essential. Digital literacy is vital, informing youth about online dangers like cyberbullying and inappropriate content, while raising awareness about privacy and data security is crucial. Open dialogues between parents, educators, and young people can help identify issues early on and foster a supportive atmosphere. Adopting safety tools, such as parental control software, should complement broader strategies that prioritize dialogue and education. Furthermore, promoting digital well-being is equally important; encouraging youth to balance screen time with physical activities and real-world interactions contributes to their emotional and social development. Research by Medina and Todd (2017) reveals a shift in the online environment, necessitating a focus on the holistic intellectual and social well-being of young users. Additional studies indicate that marginalized youth face higher online risks and require targeted interventions to improve their digital literacy and safety strategies. Finally, the complexities of peer support in managing self-harm through social media highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of the digital landscape. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among stakeholders to ensure young people are equipped with the necessary skills and support to thrive in a rapidly evolving digital world.

Keywords: Digital Safety; Youth Well-Being; Online Risks; Digital Literacy;  Parental Involvement.

Currently, the internet plays a fundamental role in the daily lives of children and adolescents. While it offers numerous opportunities for learning and socialization, it also brings risks that can impact the safety and digital well-being of young people. To ensure that these individuals navigate the internet safely and healthily, it is essential to adopt a proactive approach that involves education, communication, and the use of appropriate technologies.

Figure 1: Digital health and wellness.

Source: Ryan Group ORG (2020).

Digital education stands out as one of the best practices for promoting online safety. Young people need to be informed about the dangers of the internet, including cyberbullying, oversharing of personal information, and exposure to inappropriate content. Awareness of privacy and data security is crucial; it is vital that young people understand the importance of protecting their personal information and know how to adjust privacy settings on social media and apps.

Moreover, promoting an open dialogue between parents, educators, and young people is fundamental. Creating an environment where young people feel comfortable discussing their online experiences can help identify problems before they become serious. While parents can implement screen time limits and monitor internet use, it is also important to encourage autonomy and responsibility among young people in their digital interactions.

The adoption of safety tools, such as parental control software and monitoring apps, can be effective in protecting young people from harmful content. However, these tools should be integrated into a broader strategy that includes dialogue and education, avoiding the perception that they are standalone solutions.

It is equally important to promote digital well-being, just as it is to ensure online safety. Young people should be encouraged to balance their screen time with physical activities, hobbies, and real-world social interactions. Encouraging healthy practices, such as taking regular breaks and engaging with friends outside the digital environment, contributes to balanced emotional and social development.

Research conducted by Medina and Todd (2017) highlights a significant shift in the web environment, which has evolved from a static repository of information to a dynamic and interconnected network involving both users and content creators. This evolution has altered the educational focus, which must now cater to the overall intellectual and social well-being of young people navigating this digital landscape. The study investigates the critical issue of digital safety, especially in light of growing international concerns about children’s online presence. By collecting data directly from students about their perceptions of online safety, the research seeks to understand what it means to be safe in the digital world and what strategies they use to protect themselves. Preliminary findings provide valuable insights into the contemporary challenges faced by young people in their pursuit of safety in an increasingly complex online world.

Another study, conducted by Cranmer (2013), explores the experiences and management of electronic security and risks among excluded youth, a group often overlooked in educational and technological research. This omission is concerning, particularly because excluded young people may face higher online risks compared to their middle-class peers, who tend to be less exposed to these dangers. Data were collected through in-depth qualitative interviews with 13 young people, aged 12 to 15, who are temporarily or permanently excluded and currently attend a Reference Unit for Students in Southeast England. The narratives obtained reveal that their strategies for managing online safety are not only underdeveloped but also insufficient. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance these young people’s online safety strategies as part of broader efforts to improve digital literacy.

The research by Davidson and Martellozzo (2013) examines how young people engage with digital media, particularly in using social networks for networking and communication, within the perspective of internet safety. This work highlights cultural and gender differences in the use of these platforms. The authors based their study on recent research conducted in the UK in 2009 and in Bahrain in 2010, which marked the first extensive investigations into internet use by young people in the Middle East. Both studies adopted a similar methodological framework, using stratified random samples of young people aged 12 to 18 and conducting focus groups with children as young as seven. Approximately 4,500 young people participated, along with teachers, stakeholders, and adults. The results indicate that, despite variations in social and cultural contexts, the way young people use digital media remains relatively consistent; however, cultural gender perspectives impose restrictions on their online activities.

The study by Rikkers et al. (2016) addresses concerns related to the possible connection between excessive internet use outside of academic settings and increased psychological distress among young people. Using data from the Young Minds Matter survey, which is the second Australian Survey on Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Well-being, the research investigates the prevalence of online activity and its associations with various mental disorders, sociodemographic factors, and risk behaviors. With a nationally representative sample, the study involved interviews with 6,310 parents and guardians of children aged 4 to 17, as well as self-administered questionnaires completed by 2,967 adolescents aged 11 to 17. The results reveal high levels of internet use (98.9%) and video gaming (85.3%), with 3.9% of participants exhibiting problematic behaviors defined as showing at least four of the five evaluated behaviors. Notably, the study found that girls reported significantly higher levels of psychological distress and problematic behaviors compared to boys. Additionally, young people facing emotional challenges of living in dysfunctional family environments were more likely to engage in higher-risk online activities. Although the research identified associations between problematic behaviors, mental disorders, and risk behaviors, it acknowledged the need for further investigation to clarify whether these factors are precedents or consequences of increased online engagement.

In the investigation conducted by Lupton (2018), the use of digital technologies—such as websites, social networks, and mobile applications—as tools for young Australians aged 16 to 25 to learn about and enhance their health, fitness, and overall well-being was examined. Through qualitative interviews, the research explored participants’ practices and understandings of digital and non-digital sources of health information and support. By analyzing the interviews through a new feminist and materialist perspective, the study highlighted the affordances, relational dynamics, and affective forces present in the interactions between human and non-human entities. The findings revealed that digital health technologies empowered participants, increasing their knowledge about their bodies and health, leading to a greater sense of control over their well-being. While the convenience and diversity of information offered by digital platforms were highly valued, participants also emphasized the critical role of personal relationships—both online and offline—with family, friends, and health professionals in obtaining support and information. Additionally, participants expressed a strong interest in the potential of personalized health technologies but exhibited limited awareness or concern regarding the exploitation of their personal health data by external agencies. This research provides valuable insights into the complex and multifaceted experiences of young people navigating the digital health landscape, recognizing the embodied and relational aspects of their interactions with technology.

Finally, the study by Lavis and Winter (2020) investigates the complex relationship between social media and young people’s mental health, with a specific focus on online self-harm content. The research arises from growing concerns that this type of content may encourage self-harming behaviors, possibly through contagion mechanisms. To address this issue, the authors conducted an online ethnographic observation of interactions related to self-harm on platforms such as Twitter, Reddit, and Instagram, analyzing a significant data set that includes 10,169 original posts and 36,934 comments collected between 2018 and 2019. Additionally, ten in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain deeper insights into young people’s engagement with self-harm content. The findings reveal that peer support plays a crucial role in these online interactions; many young people accessing self-harm content are already involved in self-harming behaviors and seek understanding and help in a context of social stigma and gaps in offline support services. The study highlights the complexities of peer support in managing self-harm through social media, recognizing both its potential benefits and dangers. Furthermore, the authors advocate for a cautious approach to dealing with online self-harm content, emphasizing the need to understand the various mechanisms of harm and benefit rather than viewing the problem solely through the lens of contagion. The research calls for a reevaluation of prevailing attitudes towards online discussions of self-harm and proposes more nuanced strategies for managing this type of content in order to effectively support young people’s mental health.

In conclusion, the intersection of digital technology and the lives of young people is a complex landscape that necessitates a multifaceted approach to ensure their safety and well-being. As the internet continues to evolve, it offers both unprecedented opportunities and significant risks for children and adolescents. The research highlights the importance of digital literacy, open communication, and proactive parental involvement as critical components in fostering a safe online environment.

Furthermore, promoting healthy digital habits and encouraging balanced lifestyles are essential in mitigating the potential negative effects of excessive screen time and online engagement. The insights gleaned from various studies underline the urgency of tailored interventions to address the unique challenges faced by marginalized youth and to enhance their digital security strategies.

As we navigate this dynamic digital era, it is imperative to prioritize the voices of young people in discussions about their online experiences and to adopt a collaborative approach that involves parents, educators, and mental health professionals. By equipping young individuals with the knowledge, skills, and support they need, we can empower them to navigate the digital world safely and responsibly, ultimately contributing to their overall health and well-being.

References

Cranmer, S. (2013). Listening to excluded young people’s experiences of e-safety and risk. Learning, Media and Technology, 38, 72 – 85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2012.658405.

Davidson, J., & Martellozzo, E. (2013). Exploring young people’s use of social networking sites and digital media in the internet safety context. Information, Communication & Society, 16, 1456 – 1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.701655.

Lavis, A., & Winter, R. (2020). #Online harms or benefits? An ethnographic analysis of the positives and negatives of peer-support around self-harm on social media.. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13245.

Lupton, D. (2018). ‘Better understanding about what’s going on’: young Australians’ use of digital technologies for health and fitness. Sport, Education and Society, 25, 1 – 13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2018.1555661.

Medina, V., & Todd, R. (2017). Building A Wall Of Digital Safety: A Passport For Learning Without Borders. . https://doi.org/10.29173/IASL7164.

Rikkers, W., Lawrence, D., Hafekost, J., & Zubrick, S. (2016). Internet use and electronic gaming by children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems in Australia – results from the second Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. BMC Public Health, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3058-1.

Waldir Martineli Filho

ABSTRACT

The evolution of clear aligners has significantly transformed orthodontics, providing an aesthetic and comfortable alternative to traditional fixed braces. Since the introduction of these devices in the 1990s, continuous technological advancements have expanded aligners’ ability to address an increasing variety of orthodontic cases. Initially, aligners were limited to minor dental corrections due to restricted biomechanical control. However, advances in 3D modeling, 3D printing, intraoral scanning, and artificial intelligence have enabled greater personalization, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of treatments. Recent algorithm developments allow orthodontists to simulate the entire tooth movement process, adjusting each treatment stage. This increases control and reduces the overall treatment time. Flexible and durable materials have also improved aligners’ ability to perform complex movements, which previously required fixed braces. Additionally, technologies like augmented reality provide patients with a preview of the final result, fostering greater adherence to treatment. The growing popularity of clear aligners requires orthodontists to acquire skills in digital tools and detailed planning. This new digital approach transforms clinical practice and makes treatment more accessible, driving acceptance of these devices among adults seeking less invasive options. Although challenges remain in expanding the predictability of certain movements, ongoing technological progress continues to broaden aligners’ applicability, benefiting both patients and professionals and setting a new standard for personalization and efficiency in orthodontics.

Keywords: Clear aligners; Digital orthodontics; 3D technology; Artificial intelligence in orthodontics; Treatment personalization.

The evolution of clear aligners represents one of the most remarkable advancements in modern orthodontics, significantly transforming both patient experience and the work of professionals in the field. Since their introduction in the 1990s, aligners have undergone constant technological improvements, changing the approach to dental alignment treatment. Initially, they were recommended only for mild cases of tooth movement due to limited precision and restricted biomechanical control. However, with advances in digital technology — including 3D modeling software, 3D printing, and intraoral scanning — it has become possible to plan and produce customized aligners for each patient, increasing the accuracy of results.

Among the most significant advances is the development of algorithms and software that simulate tooth movement throughout the treatment, enabling orthodontists to predict outcomes and adjust each stage of movement with precision, ensuring greater process control and reducing total treatment time. Additionally, the use of more flexible and durable materials has improved the effectiveness and comfort of aligners, allowing for more complex movements that previously were only possible with traditional fixed braces.

Another noteworthy advancement is the integration of aligners with digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality, optimizing the experience for both the patient and the orthodontist. AI enables the automatic analysis of thousands of clinical cases, facilitating more accurate predictions of tooth movements. Meanwhile, augmented reality allows patients to visualize the final outcome before starting treatment, increasing their motivation and adherence to the process.

Figure 1: Advances in orthodontic clear aligner materials.

Source: Causey (2018)

Clear aligners offer aesthetic and functional advantages, as they are nearly invisible and removable, providing a discreet solution that does not compromise appearance and facilitates oral hygiene. These factors are particularly appealing to adult patients, who often seek alternatives to metal braces. For orthodontic professionals, the popularity of clear aligners has expanded treatment options, offering less invasive alternatives adaptable to patients’ lifestyles. However, this technology requires new skills and knowledge, especially in digital tools and 3D planning, prompting many orthodontists to invest in training to maximize the innovations that aligners bring.

The evolution of clear aligners points to a promising future in orthodontics, with treatments becoming increasingly personalized, faster, and more comfortable. Technology continues to advance, expanding treatment possibilities for more complex cases. As digital orthodontics progresses, clear aligners are expected to become a viable option for an increasing number of patients, revolutionizing orthodontic practice and delivering more aligned and healthier smiles worldwide.

Since the introduction of the “Tooth Positioner” by TP Orthodontics in 1944, removable devices similar to aligners have been used for mild to moderate tooth movements. According to Dreyer and Weir (2017), clear aligner therapy has been part of orthodontic practice for decades, gaining prominence with the launch of Invisalign by Align Technology in 1998, becoming an increasingly common tool in the orthodontic arsenal. Currently, an internet search reveals at least 27 different aligner products available for orthodontic treatment, highlighting the growing popularity of these devices and exploring the differences among the types available on the market. Kundal’s (2020) study examines treatment with clear aligners, addressing its benefits and limitations, the principles and biomechanics involved, the materials used, manufacturing methods, and usage time. The growing demand from patients interested in this type of treatment has led to the emergence of various manufacturers, with this number increasing annually.

The study by Rossini et al. (2015) evaluated the effectiveness of clear aligners (CAT) in controlling orthodontic movements, reviewing peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2014 in databases like PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus. The results indicated aligners’ effectiveness in movement and leveling of arches and anterior intrusion control, though with lower precision for anterior extrusion and rounded tooth rotation. The distalization of upper molars showed high predictability (88%) with a minimal bodily movement of 1.5 mm. However, Rossini et al. recommend caution in interpreting the results, considering the quantity and heterogeneity of studies.

Zheng et al. (2017) conducted a systematic review on the efficiency and stability of aligners compared to conventional brackets. Four controlled clinical studies were included, totaling 252 participants, with evidence pointing to a significant advantage of aligners in treatment time and chair time for mild to moderate cases. Gao et al. (2020) analyzed the effects of aligners and fixed appliances on pain perception, anxiety, and oral health-related quality of life, observing that patients with aligners reported lower levels of pain and anxiety and better quality of life.

Finally, Robertson et al. (2020) reviewed the efficacy of clear aligners regarding the predictability of movements and compared the results with fixed appliance therapy, finding “low to moderate certainty” in aligners’ efficiency for some tooth movements. While aligners may offer clinically acceptable results comparable to fixed appliances for buccolingual inclinations of incisors, the predictability of many movements is still limited, requiring further advancements to expand their clinical application.

In summary, the evolution of clear aligners has revolutionized orthodontic practice, offering patients an aesthetic, comfortable, and effective alternative compared to traditional fixed braces. With the support of technological innovations, such as 3D modeling, artificial intelligence, and advanced materials, aligners can now address a broader range of needs, from mild cases to complex tooth movements. Although challenges remain in expanding the predictability of certain movements, ongoing research and development continue to overcome limitations and enhance the clinical viability of aligners.

The popularization of aligners is also redefining the skills required for orthodontic professionals, necessitating expertise in digital tools and detailed treatment planning. With the steady advancement of digital orthodontics, clear aligners are expected to become an increasingly accessible and efficient option, benefiting both patients and professionals, and setting a new standard of excellence and personalization in orthodontic treatments.

REFERENCES

Causey, M. (2018). Clear aligners: Technology versus physiology. Available in: https://www.dentaleconomics.com/science-tech/article/16384915/clear-aligners-technology-versus-physiology. Acess in: October 2020.

Dreyer, C., & Weir, T. (2017). Clear aligners in orthodontic treatment. Australian Dental Journal, 62, 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12480.

Gao, M., Yan, X., Zhao, R., Shan, Y., Chen, Y., Jian, F., Long, H., & Lai, W. (2020). Comparison of pain perception, anxiety, and impacts on oral health-related quality of life between patients receiving clear aligners and fixed appliances during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment.. European journal of orthodontics. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaa037.

Kundal, S. (2020). Aligners: The Science of Clear Orthodontics. International Journal of Dental and Medical Specialty. https://doi.org/10.30954/ijdms.1.2020.9.

Robertson, L., Kaur, H., Fagundes, N., Romanyk, D., Major, P., & Mir, C. (2020). Effectiveness of clear aligner therapy for orthodontic treatment: A systematic review.. Orthodontics & craniofacial research. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12353.

Rossini, G., Parrini, S., Castroflorio, T., Deregibus, A., & Debernardi, C. (2015). Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.. The Angle orthodontist, 85 5, 881-9 . https://doi.org/10.2319/061614-436.1.

Zheng, M., Liu, R., Ni, Z., & Yu, Z. (2017). Efficiency, effectiveness and treatment stability of clear aligners: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Orthodontics & craniofacial research, 20 3, 127-133 . https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12177.

Leonardo Dornelas Alves

ABSTRACT

The external hexagon implant is widely utilized in dentistry as a support for dental prostheses, characterized by its hexagonal platform that connects to the prosthetic abutment. Its key advantages include ease of handling due to its hexagonal design, which facilitates placement and adjustment during surgical and prosthetic phases. Additionally, being one of the earliest developed implant systems, it boasts broad compatibility with various components and brands, allowing for a wider range of prosthetic elements, which helps reduce costs and simplifies maintenance. Its stability under axial loads makes it effective in areas with lower lateral stress, particularly in fixed prostheses or complete arches. However, the external hexagon implant has notable limitations, primarily its lower resistance to lateral forces compared to internal connections, which can lead to micro-movements and increase the risk of component failures and bone loss around the implant. The external connection also poses a greater risk of screw loosening, necessitating frequent adjustments, which can be inconvenient for patients. Additionally, the potential formation of microgaps between the implant and abutment can facilitate bacterial infiltration, causing inflammation and jeopardizing the long-term health of the implant. Aesthetic considerations also come into play, as the external hexagon may not be ideal for visible areas due to potential bone resorption affecting the appearance of surrounding gum tissue. Recent studies have explored various design aspects and their impact on mechanical resistance, emphasizing the need for careful analysis of clinical and biomechanical factors when selecting this type of connection. Thus, while the external hexagon implant is a practical option in specific scenarios, its use should be weighed against alternative connection designs to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.

Keywords: External hexagon implant; Dental prostheses; Mechanical resistance; Bone loss; Aesthetic considerations.

The external hexagon implant, often referred to as the “external hexagon,” is widely used in dentistry as a support for dental prostheses. This type of implant is characterized by the presence of a hexagonal platform at its end, which connects to the prosthetic abutment. Although it has significant advantages, it also has limitations that must be considered when choosing the most suitable implant for each case.

One of the main advantages of the external hexagon implant is its ease of handling. The hexagonal configuration of the platform simplifies the placement and adjustment of the abutment during surgery and the prosthetic phase, making the process more efficient and accessible for the dentist. Additionally, since it was one of the first implant systems developed, it is widely compatible with various components and brands, allowing professionals to use a broader range of prosthetic elements, reducing costs and facilitating the maintenance of the implant. Another positive aspect is its stability under axial loads, making it effective in regions with lower lateral stress or in cases of connected multiple implants, such as in fixed prostheses or complete arches.

On the other hand, the external hexagon implant has relevant disadvantages. Its main limitation is its lower resistance to lateral loads, as the external connection does not provide the same fit as the internal one. This can lead to micro-movements, increasing the risk of component failure and bone loss around the implant (bone resorption). Furthermore, this type of connection presents a higher risk of screw loosening, requiring frequent adjustments and checks, which can be inconvenient for the patient and increase the need for maintenance.

Another issue is the possibility of microgap formation, which are small spaces between the implant and the abutment. These microgaps can facilitate bacterial infiltration and cause inflammation in the adjacent tissues, compromising the long-term health of the implant. Aesthetically, the external hexagon may not be the best choice for visible areas, such as the anterior region, as its configuration can lead to greater bone resorption, altering the appearance of the gums around the implant.

Figure 1: Implant connection types.

Source: Hurson (2016).

Thus, the external hexagon implant represents a practical and effective solution in certain scenarios, especially in extensive rehabilitations and complete arches. However, the decision to use it should consider the location, aesthetic needs, and functional requirements of each case. In some situations, other connection options may be more advantageous, particularly in areas where resistance to lateral forces and aesthetic preservation are crucial.

Several studies have explored aspects of the design and properties of implant-abutment connectors. Ribeiro et al. (2011) investigated how these characteristics affect the mechanical resistance of implants by comparing external hexagon, internal hexagon, and cone-in-cone interfaces. The study used a cantilever beam test to simulate multivectorial intraoral loading, determining the force levels at which 50% of the samples withstood one million load cycles. The results showed that the external hexagon interface performed better compared to the other types, while the internal interfaces did not show significant advantages in terms of strength.

In turn, the study by Gil et al. (2009) assessed the impact of the height of the external hexagon and surface treatments applied on the fatigue life of titanium dental implants. Electropolished titanium implants, with three heights of external hexagon (0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mm), were tested with different surface treatments. Tests conducted in artificial saliva at 37 °C showed that the height of 1.8 mm significantly increased the fatigue life, while the aluminum oxide blasting treatment provided the highest durability among the materials analyzed.

The study by Pessoa et al. (2017) aimed to evaluate clinical, radiographic, microbiological, and biomechanical parameters related to bone remodeling in implants with external hexagon (EH) and Morse taper (MT) connections. Involving twelve edentulous patients who received four custom implants in the interforaminal region of the mandible, the research compared implants with the same macroscopic design but different prosthetic connections. Radiographic analysis demonstrated significant differences in bone loss around the implants, with an average bone contact distance of 1.17 ± 0.44 mm for EH and 0.17 ± 0.54 mm for MT. Finite element analysis revealed that EH connections had a significantly higher peak deformation compared to MT connections.

Similarly, the study by Almeida et al. (2014) analyzed stress distribution in the bone tissue around implants with variable angulations (0°, 17°, and 30°) and connection types (external hexagon and conical). The results showed that under oblique load, the external hexagon connection induced significantly higher stress concentrations in the bone tissue compared to the conical connection.

Finally, the study by Menini et al. (2019) evaluated whether the morphology of implant-abutment connections—specifically internal designs versus external hexagons—affects the behavior of peri-implant tissues. After 12 months of follow-up, no significant differences were found between the connections regarding marginal bone loss or periodontal health indicators, suggesting that both types offer reliable clinical outcomes.

Overall, the literature highlights the effectiveness and applicability of the external hexagon implant but also emphasizes the importance of careful analysis of clinical and biomechanical factors when opting for this type of connection.

In summary, the external hexagon implant stands out as a widely used and practical solution in dental prosthetics, offering notable advantages such as ease of handling, broad compatibility with various components, and stability under axial loads. However, it also presents significant limitations, particularly regarding its resistance to lateral forces, the risk of screw loosening, and potential issues with microgap formation, which can affect the long-term success of the implant.

The decision to use an external hexagon implant should be made with careful consideration of the specific clinical scenario, including factors such as the location of the implant, aesthetic demands, and functional requirements. Additionally, recent studies indicate that while the external hexagon offers reliable mechanical performance, it may not always be the best choice in situations where lateral stress resistance and aesthetic preservation are paramount.

Ultimately, ongoing research and advancements in implant design continue to inform best practices in implant dentistry, enabling practitioners to make more informed decisions tailored to the needs of individual patients. By weighing the pros and cons of the external hexagon implant against alternative connection options, dental professionals can optimize treatment outcomes and enhance the overall success of implant-supported rehabilitations.

REFERENCES

Almeida, D., Pellizzer, E., Verri, F., Santiago, J., & Carvalho, P. (2014). Influence of tapered and external hexagon connections on bone stresses around tilted dental implants: three-dimensional finite element method with statistical analysis.. Journal of periodontology, 85 2, 261-9 . https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2013.120713.

Gil, F., Aparicio, C., Manero, J., & Padrós, A. (2009). Influence of the height of the external hexagon and surface treatment on fatigue life of commercially pure titanium dental implants.. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants, 24 4, 583-90.

Hurson, S. (2016). Use of Authentic, Integrated Dental Implant Components Vital to Predictability and Successful Long-Term Clinical Outcomes. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ: 1995), 37(7), 450-455.

Melo, L., Souza, M., Barbosa, G., & Carreiro, A. (2017). Peri-Implant Bone Loss of External Hexagon and Morse Taper in Patients Wearing Immediately Loaded Overdentures.. Brazilian dental journal, 28 6, 694-698. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701577.

Menini, M., Pesce, P., Bagnasco, F., Carossa, M., Mussano, F., & Pera, F. (2019). Evaluation of internal and external hexagon connections in immediately loaded full-arch rehabilitations: A within-person randomised split-mouth controlled trial.. International journal of oral implantology, 12 2, 169-179 .

Pessoa, R., Sousa, R., Pereira, L., Neves, F., Bezerra, F., Jaecques, S., Sloten, J., Quirynen, M., Teughels, W., & Spin‐Neto, R. (2017). Bone Remodeling Around Implants with External Hexagon and Morse‐Taper Connections: A Randomized, Controlled, Split‐Mouth, Clinical Trial. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 19, 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12437.

Ribeiro, C., Maia, M., Scherrer, S., Cardoso, A., & Wiskott, H. (2011). Resistance of three implant-abutment interfaces to fatigue testing. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 19, 413 – 420. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572011005000018.

Luis Joivan Nunes Dahmer

Abstract

Organizational culture is pivotal in safeguarding against cyber threats, representing a crucial component of effective information security. The integration of cybersecurity into the organizational culture transcends technical issues, transforming it into a shared responsibility embraced by all employees. Project managers are uniquely positioned to spearhead this cultural transformation by incorporating security practices from the inception of projects, empowering teams, and encouraging open dialogue about risks. Education and awareness initiatives led by managers can foster an environment where security is prioritized collectively, effectively reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing organizational resilience. Research underscores the necessity of a collaborative and integrated approach to cybersecurity, emphasizing the importance of sustained commitment across all organizational levels. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the responsibility for establishing a robust security culture increasingly rests with organizational leaders. By acting as change agents, these leaders can reshape the company’s perspective on cybersecurity. Creating a safe and resilient work environment not only protects organizational assets and information but also bolsters the trust of clients and partners, paving the way for a secure future in the digital landscape. Ultimately, building a strong cybersecurity culture involves proactive engagement from all employees, ongoing education, and transparent communication about risks. This holistic approach reinforces the notion that cybersecurity is not merely the domain of IT departments but a shared mission that requires the active participation of every individual within the organization.

Keywords: Organizational Culture; Cybersecurity; Project Management; Risk Awareness; Resilience.

Organizational culture plays a vital role in safeguarding against cyber threats and serves as a cornerstone of information security. Beyond mere technical measures, cybersecurity encompasses behaviors, attitudes, and leadership dynamics within organizations. In this framework, the project manager emerges as a key facilitator, driving cultural shifts that enhance cybersecurity resilience.

The organizational culture shapes how employees perceive and respond to digital risks. Companies that prioritize security within their culture tend to exhibit greater resilience against cyberattacks, as their workforce adheres to best practices, stays vigilant about potential threats, and collaborates effectively to mitigate risks. Conversely, in many workplaces, cybersecurity is often relegated to the IT department, fostering a sense of complacency and a reactive approach. To counter this mindset, it is crucial to embed information security into the fabric of organizational culture, ensuring that it becomes a collective responsibility across all departments.

Project managers are uniquely positioned to foster this integration. By leading teams and coordinating resources, they can significantly influence the organization’s cybersecurity posture. One effective strategy is to incorporate security measures into projects from the very beginning, proactively identifying security risks during the planning phase and ensuring that appropriate safeguards are embedded in the solutions developed. This proactive approach underscores the importance of treating cybersecurity as a priority throughout the organization.

Additionally, project managers play a critical role in raising awareness and enhancing the team’s capabilities. Regular training on cyber threats and protective strategies is essential to keep all employees informed and prepared to respond effectively to security incidents. Awareness initiatives serve as powerful tools for cultivating a security-conscious culture, making data protection a shared concern among all staff members.

Encouraging open communication about risks is another key aspect. By fostering an environment where team members feel safe reporting vulnerabilities or potential security issues without fear of repercussions, project managers help cultivate a collaborative approach to security. Furthermore, aligning efforts with corporate governance and compliance departments is essential to ensure consistent application of security policies.

Leading by example is another crucial strategy for project managers. By demonstrating secure practices in the use of digital systems and data protection, they reinforce the significance of cybersecurity among their teams, fostering a culture of accountability and care for information assets.

When organizational culture successfully integrates cybersecurity into daily practices, companies bolster their defenses against attacks, enhance client and partner trust, and reduce costs associated with security breaches. Collaborative efforts across teams, guided by project managers, ensure that every individual understands their role in safeguarding information and actively works to minimize vulnerabilities. In a landscape characterized by ever-evolving cyber threats, project managers can significantly impact by nurturing an organizational culture that prioritizes information security. By acting as agents of change, they help transform the company’s approach to cybersecurity, fostering a safer and more resilient environment to meet the challenges of the digital age.

Various studies support these assertions. For instance, Burrell (2019) emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity project managers who can make agile managerial and leadership decisions in response to the complex impacts of cybersecurity breaches. These managers often need to act swiftly, where strategic thinking and effective communication become paramount for organizational effectiveness and productivity. Burrell also highlights the value of executive coaching as a leadership development tool for IT and cybersecurity managers, equipping them with critical decision-making and strategic communication skills.

Similarly, Huang and Pearlson (2019) stress that organizational cybersecurity transcends the mere implementation of advanced technologies. Effective protection requires the engagement of all members in risk reduction, with leaders playing a pivotal role in aligning beliefs, values, and attitudes with overarching security goals. Their model outlines the factors contributing to organizational cybersecurity culture and offers measurement methods. A case study on the data protection culture at Liberty Mutual illustrates these principles, providing practical insights for managers seeking to cultivate a more mature cybersecurity culture.

Corradini (2020) also emphasizes that Cybersecurity Culture (CSC) is unique to each organization, shaped by its specific technologies, processes, and values. For CSC to be effective, it must be integrated into the broader Organizational Culture (OC), reinforcing cultural cohesion and raising awareness that security is not solely an IT issue but a collective concern. Building CSC involves a clear strategy and appropriate resources, with a cooperative approach proving more effective than imposed procedures. The initial assessment phase is crucial for measuring the current maturity of security culture, ensuring that awareness programs align with the organization’s needs.

Moreover, Andreichenko, Нorbachenko, and Dykyi (2020) provide a conceptual framework for understanding the term “project” in the context of cybersecurity, outlining essential characteristics and defining the processes influencing project activities at various levels. Their study highlights the unique challenges of cybersecurity projects, including state influence, initiation complexities, critical implementation deadlines, and budget differentiation, while proposing strategies for optimizing project management in this field.

Finally, Ghernouti-Hélie (2010) underscores the heavy reliance of the information economy on cybersecurity, advocating for a national strategy that is both nationally applicable and internationally compatible. This strategy must include operational structures and foster a cybersecurity culture to ensure comprehensive national security in an interconnected world.

In summary, organizational culture plays a fundamental role in protecting against cyber threats, serving as an essential element for the effectiveness of information security. The integration of cybersecurity into the organization’s culture is not merely a technical issue but a shared responsibility that must be embraced by all employees. Project managers have the unique opportunity to lead this transformation by promoting security practices from the outset of projects, empowering teams, and fostering open communication about risks.

Through education and awareness, managers can cultivate an environment where security is a collective priority, reducing vulnerabilities and strengthening organizational resilience. The evidence presented by various studies supports the importance of a collaborative and integrated approach to cybersecurity, highlighting the need for ongoing commitment from all levels of the organization.

As cyber threats evolve, the responsibility for building a robust security culture falls on leaders who, by acting as change agents, can transform the company’s stance on cybersecurity. By promoting a safe and resilient work environment, organizations not only protect their assets and information but also strengthen the trust of clients and partners, ensuring a safer future in the digital landscape.

References 

Alvarez-Dionisi, L. E., Urrego-Baquero, N. (2019). Implementing a cybersecurity culture. ISACA.      

Andreichenko, A., Нorbachenko, S., & Dykyi, O. (2020). PECULIARITIES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN CYBER DEFENSE. Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique. https://doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2020.10.4553.

Burrell, D. (2019). Assessing the Value of Executive Leadership Coaches for Cybersecurity Project Managers. Int. J. Hum. Cap. Inf. Technol. Prof., 10, 20-32. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCITP.2019040102.

Corradini, I. (2020). Building a Cybersecurity Culture. , 63-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43999-6_4.

Ghernouti-Hélie, S. (2010). A National Strategy for an Effective Cybersecurity Approach and Culture. 2010 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 370-373. https://doi.org/10.1109/ARES.2010.119.

Gu, V., Hoffman, J., Cao, Q., & Schniederjans, M. (2014). The effects of organizational culture and environmental pressures on IT project performance: A moderation perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 32, 1170-1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2013.12.003.

Huang, K., & Pearlson, K. (2019). For What Technology Can’t Fix: Building a Model of Organizational Cybersecurity Culture. , 1-10. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2019.769.